Bipolar Disorder Treatment

Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood fluctuations that range from manic or hypomanic episodes to depressive episodes. These symptoms can vary in intensity, frequency, and duration, impacting emotions, behavior, and daily functioning. Below are the key symptoms of bipolar disorder, divided into manic/hypomanic and depressive phases.

Manic or Hypomanic Symptoms

Mania is a period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least one week, while hypomania is a less severe form lasting four or more days.

• Increased Energy & Restlessness – Feeling overly active, unable to sit still, or having excessive physical and mental energy.
• Euphoria & Extreme Optimism – Experiencing an intense, exaggerated sense of happiness or invincibility.
• Racing Thoughts & Rapid Speech – Speaking very quickly, jumping between topics, or feeling like your thoughts are uncontrollable.
• Decreased Need for Sleep – Feeling rested after only a few hours of sleep or not sleeping at all without feeling tired.
• Impulsivity & Poor Judgment – Engaging in reckless behavior, such as spending sprees, risky sexual activity, or impulsive decision-making.
• Grandiosity – Having an inflated sense of self-importance, believing in personal exceptional abilities, or feeling destined for greatness.
• Irritability & Agitation – Easily frustrated, aggressive, or short-tempered, especially when others don’t share the same enthusiasm.

Depressive Symptoms

Depressive episodes involve prolonged periods of sadness, hopelessness, and low energy that last at least two weeks.

• Persistent Sadness & Hopelessness – Feeling down, empty, or worthless most of the time.
• Fatigue & Low Energy – Experiencing exhaustion, sluggishness, or a lack of motivation, even for basic tasks.
• Difficulty Concentrating – Struggling with focus, memory, or decision-making, often leading to procrastination.
• Loss of Interest in Activities – No longer enjoying hobbies, social interactions, or activities that once brought pleasure.
• Changes in Appetite & Weight – Significant weight loss or gain due to a decrease or increase in appetite.
• Sleep Disturbances – Either insomnia (trouble sleeping) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping).
• Feelings of Guilt & Worthlessness – Harsh self-criticism, feelings of being a burden, or excessive guilt over past actions.
• Suicidal Thoughts or Self-Harm – Having thoughts of death, self-harm, or suicide (this requires immediate professional help).

Other Symptoms

Bipolar disorder may also include mixed episodes, where manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, and psychotic symptoms in severe cases. Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking professional treatment can help individuals manage bipolar disorder effectively and lead a balanced, fulfilling life.